| Herbarium |
UWAL (UWAL)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 3.63 air mi. WNW of Jefferson. Alon N side of AL Hwy 28 approx 0.82 mi. WNW of jct with Verbena Rd. 32° 24' 7" N 87° 57' 29" W |
| Habitat | Roadside ditch. |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | England, J. Kevin 4433 |
| Collection Date | 25 Jul 2013 |
| Accession Number | UWAL0017429 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UWAL (UWAL)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 3.7 air mi. NE of Huntsville. Campus of Alabama A&M University. Research field just SE of jct. with Holloway Drake Dr. and Bates Cir NE. 34° 46' 57" N 86° 34' 28" W |
| Habitat | Agricultural field. |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Keener, Brian R. 8011 |
| Collection Date | 02 Jul 2013 |
| Accession Number | UWAL0013699 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UWAL (UWAL)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Jasper. Near the jct. of Albert Russell Way and 20th Street (AL Hwy 69) along railroad. 33° 49' 52" N 87° 16' 46" W |
| Habitat | Vacant lot adjacent to railroad. |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Keener, Brian R. 2287 |
| Collection Date | 20 Jul 2002 |
| Accession Number | UWAL0006742 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UWAL (UWAL)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 2.31 air mi. SE of Mt. Hope. Along E side of Co Rd. 28 approx. 0.16 mi. S of jct. with Co. Rd. 31. 34° 26' 45" N 87° 26' 39" W |
| Habitat | Roadside ditch near silo. |
| Reproductive State | Flower Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | England, J. Kevin 6646 |
| Collection Date | 09 Jul 2016 |
| Accession Number | UWAL0033505 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UWAL (UWAL)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama AL Hwy 97, 3.64 mi. NW of Lowndes Co. Hwy 37. Edge of a cow pasture. 32° 9' 24" N 86° 32' 44" W |
| Habitat | Black Belt clay soil in full sun |
| Reproductive State | |
| Elevation | 242 ft |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Diamond, Alvin R. 28363 |
| Collection Date | 17 Jun 2018 |
| Accession Number | UWAL0039665 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
JSU (JSU)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Off AL-35 ca. 2.3 miles S. of Section. N34 32'50.0 W85 55'18.0 |
| Habitat | Disturbed roadside in construction area; plants in full sun. |
| Reproductive State | Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector |
Brodeur, Kristin R. 1181
with R. David Whetstone |
| Collection Date | 13 Aug 1998 |
| Accession Number | JSU131986 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
JSU (JSU)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Downtown Hollywood; East of jct. co. rd. 33 and USX railroad line. |
| Habitat | Disturbed; maintained verge of RR bed. |
| Reproductive State | Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector |
Brodeur, Kristin R. 1407
with R. David Whetstone, Steven J. Threlkeld, & Tim L. Hofmann |
| Collection Date | 18 Sep 1998 |
| Accession Number | JSU131987 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
JSU (JSU)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Sequatchie Valley district of the Cumberland Plateau. Guntersville near SR-227. |
| Habitat | Along railroad tracks |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector |
Spaulding, Daniel D. 9046
with J. Mark Ballard & R. David Whetstone |
| Collection Date | 13 Jul 1996 |
| Accession Number | JSU139040 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
JSU (JSU)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Southeast of Courtland; AL 33 and rail crossing. |
| Habitat | Edge of cotton field; red, silty soils; dry-mesic; full sunshine. Plants abundant along field margin; evidently not plants. |
| Reproductive State | Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector |
Whetstone, R. David 17939
with Steven J. Threlkeld |
| Collection Date | 26 May 1996 |
| Accession Number | JSU131988 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
JSU (JSU)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama South of Athens; off US 31 @ junction of Belle Mina Road. |
| Habitat | Margin of cotton field and roadside ditch; plants in full sun. |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Whetstone, R. David 17910 |
| Collection Date | 27 Jun 1996 |
| Accession Number | JSU131989 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNA (UNA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 3.63 air mi WNW Jefferson. Along N side AL Hwy 28 ca 0.82 mi WNW jct w/ Verbena Rd. 32° 0' 24" N 87° 0' 57" W |
| Description | In roadside ditch |
| Habitat | Wet clear cut near low woods |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | England, J. Kevin 4433 |
| Collection Date | 25 Jul 2013 |
| Accession Number | UNA00073698 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNA (UNA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 1 mi S of Summit. On NE side of lake on SE side of 231, 1 mi. S of Summit. T10S R1E S1 34° 11' 32" N 86° 29' 35" W |
| Habitat | Margin of lake, muddy shore. |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector |
Keener, Brian R. 1297
with Robert R. Haynes |
| Collection Date | 24 May 1998 |
| Accession Number | UNA00058538 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNA (UNA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama southside of Hwy. 52 at 3.4 miles east of junction with Choctawhatchee River in Geneva 31° 4' 4" N 85° 48' 37" W |
| Description | -, flowers yellow, growing with nearby Solanum viarum, Solanum carolinense, Datura stramonium, & Amaranthus spinosus- common |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | MacDonald, John R. 11298 |
| Collection Date | 29 May 1998 |
| Accession Number | UNA00045910 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNA (UNA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. - Determined By: L. J. Davenport, _-_-1983 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama near Ironaton, Talladega Mtns. 32° 25' 0" N 85° 58' 0" W |
| Habitat | roadsides |
| Reproductive State | Flower Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Mohr, Charles s.n. |
| Collection Date | 3 Aug 1896 |
| Accession Number | UNA00010816 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNA (UNA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. - Determined By: L. J. Davenport, _-_-1983 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama |
| Reproductive State | Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Smith, Eugene A. s.n. |
| Collection Date | _ Jul _ |
| Accession Number | UNA00010811 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI
| Herbarium |
John D. Freeman Herbarium [Auburn University] (AUA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Herbarium Name Used | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Locality | USA. ALABAMA unspecified |
| Habitat | #1 OF 2 |
| Reproductive State | FRUIT |
| Specimen Notes | 215 |
| Collector | ANDREWS, ELIZABETH F. |
| Collection Date | 16 Jul 1898 |
| Accession Number | AUA_ACC_215 |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI
| Herbarium |
John D. Freeman Herbarium [Auburn University] (AUA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Herbarium Name Used | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Locality | USA. ALABAMA unspecified |
| Habitat | #2 OF 2 |
| Reproductive State | STERILE |
| Specimen Notes | 214 |
| Collector | ANDREWS, ELIZABETH F. |
| Collection Date | 16 Jul 1898 |
| Accession Number | AUA_ACC_214 |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI
| Herbarium |
John D. Freeman Herbarium [Auburn University] (AUA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Herbarium Name Used | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Locality | USA. ALABAMA PIEDMONT SUBSTATION AT CAMP HILL, ALA. 2 MILES N. OF SUBST. HEADQUARTERS. |
| Description | COROLLA YELLOW. |
| Reproductive State | FRUIT |
| Specimen Notes | 17352 |
| Collector | THORNHILL, RANDY 84 |
| Collection Date | 9 Jul 1969 |
| Accession Number | AUA_ACC_17352 |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI
| Herbarium |
John D. Freeman Herbarium [Auburn University] (AUA)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Herbarium Name Used | ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. |
| Locality | USA. ALABAMA ST. BERNARD ABBEY, ALA. 34° 10' 33" N 86° 48' 42" W |
| Habitat | YARD. |
| Reproductive State | FLOWER |
| Specimen Notes | 84530 |
| Collector | WOLF, WOLFGANG 973 |
| Collection Date | 13 Aug 1909 |
| Accession Number | AUA000043058 |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UWAL (UWAL)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | VELVETLEAD of Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | USA. Alabama South of CR 424. 33° 29' 28" N 85° 22' 26" W |
| Habitat | Old crop field. |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Kelly, Lee |
| Collection Date | |
| Accession Number | UWAL0059334 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
TROY (TROY)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Alabama Hwy. 97, 3.64 miles northwest of Lowndes County Hwy. 37. 32° 9' 24" N 86° 32' 44" W |
| Habitat | Edge of a cow pasture. Black Belt clay soil in full sun. |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Elevation | 242 Feet |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Diamond, Alvin R. 28363 |
| Collection Date | 17 Jun 2018 |
| Accession Number | TROY000046457 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
TROY (TROY)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 3.63 air mi. WNW of Jefferson. Along N side of AL Hwy 28 approx. 0.82 mi. WNW of jct. with Verbena Rd. 34° 24' 7" N 87° 57' 29" W |
| Habitat | Roadside ditch. |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | England, J. Kevin 4433 |
| Collection Date | 25 Jul 2013 |
| Accession Number | TROY000043596 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
TROY (TROY)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 3.7 air mi. NE of Huntsville. Campus of Alabama A&M University. Research field just SE of jct. with Holloway Drake Dr. and Bates Cir NE. 34° 46' 57" N 86° 34' 28" W |
| Habitat | Agricultural field |
| Reproductive State | Flower |
| Elevation | 701 Feet |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Keener, Brian R. 8011 |
| Collection Date | 02 Jul 2013 |
| Accession Number | TROY000046843 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
TROY (TROY)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medicus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 1 mile south of intersection of 57 and 60 on right T7N R26E S34 |
| Habitat | Field edge |
| Reproductive State | Fruit |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Pennington, Tiffany 1023 |
| Collection Date | 14 Oct 2000 |
| Accession Number | TROY000006968 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
Alabama Natural Heritage Herbarium (ALNHS)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | Alabama, , |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Barger, T. Wayne SP#6433 |
| Collection Date | 04 Jul 2024 |
| Accession Number | ALNHS00009620 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
Alabama Natural Heritage Herbarium (ALNHS)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | Alabama, , |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Barger, T. Wayne SP#6433 |
| Collection Date | 04 Jul 2024 |
| Accession Number | ALNHS00009621 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
Alabama Natural Heritage Herbarium (ALNHS)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | Alabama, , |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Barger, T. Wayne SP#6433 |
| Collection Date | 04 Jul 2024 |
| Accession Number | ALNHS00009622 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
Alabama Natural Heritage Herbarium (ALNHS)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik |
| Locality | Alabama, , |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Barger, T. Wayne SP#5576 |
| Collection Date | 06 Aug 2021 |
| Accession Number | ALNHS00007408 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
Alabama Natural Heritage Herbarium (ALNHS)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medik. |
| Locality | Alabama, , |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Finzel, Brian SP#5283 |
| Collection Date | 18 Aug 2020 |
| Accession Number | ALNHS00006876 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNAF (UNAF)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus - Determined By: J. Kevin England, Jan 2017 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Four miles S of Cherokee in MT. Hester |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Barnes, Keith 009173 |
| Collection Date | 14 Jul 1991 |
| Accession Number | UNAF0001678 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNAF (UNAF)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus - Determined By: J. Kevin England, Jan 2017 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama 2 miles W of Jones Cross Rds. R5W T4 Sec3 |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Biles, Jim 010529 |
| Collection Date | 21 Jun 1990 |
| Accession Number | UNAF0001680 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNAF (UNAF)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus - Determined By: J. Kevin England, Jan 2017 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Massey Quarry, Co Rd. 38. R4W T8S Sec19 |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Riechenberg, Chris 07931 |
| Collection Date | 20 Jun 1990 |
| Accession Number | UNAF0001682 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNAF (UNAF)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus - Determined By: J. Kevin England, Jan 2017 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama LExington 4.5 miles Down Co. Rd. 71 growing in Flower Bed. |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Steward, Donald s.n. |
| Collection Date | 12 Jul 1991 |
| Accession Number | UNAF0001679 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |
| Herbarium |
UNAF (UNAF)
Herbarium's Specimen Details Page |
|---|---|
| Family Name | MALVACEAE |
| Currently Accepted Name | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus - Determined By: J. Kevin England, Jan 2017 |
| Herbarium Name Used | Abutilon theophrasti Medikus |
| Locality | USA. Alabama Burwell farm in the community of Toney. |
| Reproductive State | |
| Specimen Notes | |
| Collector | Taylor, Ben s.n. |
| Collection Date | 17 Jul 1996 |
| Accession Number | UNAF0001681 |
| Image | View Image |
| Plant Atlas Link | Plant Atlas Citation |